Lesson 12, held on November 04, 2022:

Institution of the State shipyard (Arsenale): a direct public intervention on economy. The conflict between the Comuni of the mainland and the Western emperor Frederick I Hohenstaufen. Indirect involvement of Venice, supporting the Comuni. Trentacìe as conscription districts; military service is redeemable by payment of a tax. Peace of Venice between the emperor (in his own name) and the pope (in the name of the Comuni), mediated by the doge. Peace of Konstanz. Reforms in the election of the doge to discourage violence by supporters of the candidates. Dux et Commune (= the whole of the people) takes the place of dux et populus (= placitum). The doge is at the service of the Comune and swears to pursue its best interests. Deliberations are made official not anymore by the signatures of those preseent, but by apposition of the sigil of the Comune. Venice becomes the name of the capital city; Ducatus is the name of the metropolitan territory. Doge Orio Mastropiero swears the first promissio maleficiorum, legificating a number of key customs on crimes, trials and penalties.