Valentina De Marchi, "Environmental Upgrading and Downgrading in Global Value Chains: A Framework for Analysis"
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The largest environmental impacts come from manufacturing activities. Yet many companies are not responsible for these activities, they outsource them to suppliers often located in countries where standards are much lower.
In this paper the authors take stock of the existing understanding on environmental upgrading global value chains and develop a framework for empirical scholars.
Read the article here: https://unipd.link/Paper_DeMarchi_Environmental_Upgrading_GVCs
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