lesson 17-2023-11-23

A fourth Council: Rogati, Pregàdi or Senate. No relation with the ancient Roman Senate: the name is merely culturally prestigious in the late Middle Ages. Promissiones ducis show the Pregàdi was instituted between 1249 and 1253. Originally tasked with organising the convoys of State merchant ships leaving in March every year with armed escort along each of a number of estalished routes, and returning in September. Capitular mentions general attributions on economy and trade, leading to an enlargement of the Pregàdi's activity. Venice in competition with Genoa, from trade to war. The war emergency in late 1297 and the need to widen participation to the Major Council. In a crisis, the Venetians never concentrate power in the hands of one or few persons, but rather widen participation and discussion of possible solutions. For six months, the Major Council will be made of commanded members from three lists: holders of public offices in the  last four years; male adult members of families involved with public affairs since the '70s of the XII century; additional members suggested by a committee elected by the Major Council and receiving each at least twelve votes by the Council of Forty. Duty to take part under threat of fines. Effectiveness of the law prorogated every six months until final approbation on September 29, 1299. Silent agreement by the rest of the people. Shift to an aristocratic Republic. Aristocracy based on duty, not privilege or wealth. Civil rights maintained for all citizens. A very numerous ruling class: a new ducal palace built to house about a thousand members of the Major Council.